Why Are Prison Officers Called Screws in the UK?
If you've ever watched a prison drama or overheard prison slang in conversation, you might have heard the term “screw” used when referring to a prison officer. But where does the word actually come from — and why do inmates still use it today? Is it meant as an insult, or is there more to the story?
As with much of prison slang in the UK, the term “screw” carries both history and nuance. What started as a reference to a specific part of prison life has grown into a widely used term — one that’s instantly recognisable inside and outside the prison system.
Origin of the Term “Screw”
The most widely accepted explanation dates back to the 19th century. Back then, prison labour was a standard part of incarceration. One of the most common jobs involved using a crank — a mechanical device filled with sand or gravel that had to be turned a certain number of times each day as a form of punishment or routine.
Prison officers were responsible for tightening the crank's screw, making it harder to turn. This made the prisoner’s task more physically demanding and mentally exhausting. Over time, inmates began referring to the officers who controlled the “screw” as... well, “screws.”
Is It an Insult?
It depends on how it’s used. In the context of prison culture, “screw” is a slang term — but not always a hostile one. While it can be used mockingly, it's often more of a matter-of-fact nickname. Similar to how police might be called “coppers” or “old bill,” “screw” has become a fixture of inmate language.
In fact, some prison officers refer to themselves as “screws” in a self-deprecating or tongue-in-cheek way. It’s not unusual for staff with years of experience to embrace the term — especially those who’ve been around long enough to understand its origins.
Other Theories Behind the Word
While the crank explanation is the most commonly cited, there are other theories floating around, including:
- Psychological pressure: The idea that officers would “screw” prisoners mentally by keeping constant watch, imposing strict routines, or applying discipline.
- Uniform details: Some believe the term relates to the buttons or fixtures on the old-style uniforms, which included metal screw fastenings.
- General slang evolution: Like many prison terms, it may have developed organically over time and stuck simply because it "felt right" to inmates.
Regardless of which version you believe, there’s no denying the term is deeply rooted in prison history and language.
Do Prisoners Still Use the Term “Screw” Today?
Yes — though the slang landscape is always evolving. “Screw” remains widely recognised, but newer slang terms are also emerging depending on region, age group, and even prison culture itself. Some prisoners refer to officers as “govs” (short for governor), “jailers,” or “staff.”
It’s not just about labels — slang serves as a way for prisoners to express identity, form bonds, and sometimes build a line between “us” and “them.”
Final Thoughts
“Screw” might sound like a throwaway insult, but it carries a rich and gritty history. Born from an era of hard labour and discipline, it reflects both the power dynamic of prisons and the creativity of inmate culture. Whether used with respect, sarcasm, or just habit, it's one of those slang terms that refuses to disappear.
To explore more about the language, culture, and realities of prison life in the UK, visit our full collection of guides at PrisonGuide.co.uk, including our popular page on UK prison slang.
